The “Gulf Incident,” A Map Problem?
Thursday, March 29th, 2007
Yesterday, a web blog at the BBC had some comments from a senior military officeron the “Gulf Incident:”
Our forces were carrying out a routine inspection. They were approached at high speed by two heavily-armed Iranian boats, although they initially adopted a ‘friendly posture’. It was only at the last minute that the Iranians, armed with RPGs and heavy machine guns, became aggressive. By then, we were told, there was a distance of only a few feet between the British and Iranian boats - a distance too short, we were told, for an ‘arc of fire’.
That is in line with my original guess of the situation considering that the United Kingdoms position with Iran (economic and diplomatic) is much different than the United States.
What was even more interesting was that there were some comments in that thread that had a link to another web blog that had some comments on the possible positioning of the craft. I have no opinion of the writer though I suspect he does not like the government. For the purpose of this discussion, the technical point he brings up is rather interesting.
A) The Iran/Iraq maritime boundary shown on the British government map does not exist. It has been drawn up by the British Government. Only Iraq and Iran can agree their bilateral boundary, and they never have done this in the Gulf, only inside the Shatt because there it is the land border too. This published boundary is a fake with no legal force.
B) Accepting the British coordinates for the position of both HMS Cornwall and the incident, both were closer to Iranian land than Iraqi land. Go on, print out the map and measure it. Which underlines the point that the British produced border is not a reliable one.
In the United States, we are able to rely on all types of maps and no one disputes them. When was the last time Ohio had a map dispute with Kentucky? The rest of the world however is not so clear cut. Much of the world’s nations are constantly disputing borders. Go ahead and google “border dispute.”
This may offer a clue as to how we will see the situation defused by the diplomats. Or it will be some interesting technical foot note. ![]()
UPDATE: If someone has links to maps of that area, showing boundaries, and who made the map, please leave a link in the thread.
UPDATE II: From the above link more comments on the “maps:”
It is true that there is no agreed maritime boundary between Iran and Iraq. However, you have missed two important points regarding the Iran-Iraq boundary:
1) The international law of the sea require that, in the absence of agreement on a territorial sea boundary, neither side may extend its territorial sea beyond the median line between the two coasts unless historic title or other special circumstances justify doing so. I can see no such justification in this case. While Iran is not a party to either the 1958 or 1982 law of the sea conventions, the provisions in those conventions concerning the territorial sea are widely-regarded to have become customary international law, and therefore binding on Iran. So until Iran and Iraq formally agree a territorial sea boundary, the median line (more or less as depicted on the Ministry of Defence graphics) serves as a de facto boundary.
2) The land boundary agreed between Iran and Iraq in 1975 extended to the mouth of the Shatt al Arab river at the lowest low-water line. The point at which the British government claims that the incident took place lies just under 1.7 nautical miles southwest of the agreed land boundary terminus, and it is arguable that the incident actually took place on what is technically Iraqi land territory: Britsh charts of the area show the low-water line (the normal baseline from which the territorial sea is measured) running around 100 metres south of where the British government says the incident took place.
My feeling is that the British government slightly oversimplified the legal situation in its presentation but, assuming the coordinates given for the incident are correct, it is extremely unlikely that Iran has any legitimate claim to the point in question.
Martin Pratt
Director of Research
International Boundaries Research Unit
Durham University
Again as I have written, the purpose of those post is to bring discussion as to how this situation may find itself being resolved in the real world amongst diplomats.
— Oak Leaf
